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BUILD A PROCESS

Build an antibody response

Follow a simplified T-dependent B-cell response.

Build a process

Use the up and down buttons to build the sequence, then check your reasoning. Some biological events overlap; follow the simplified pathway described here.

  1. 1
    Memory-cell persistence
  2. 2
    Plasma-cell differentiation
  3. 3
    Clonal expansion
  4. 4
    Activation with helper T-cell signals
  5. 5
    Antigen recognition
Read the complete pathway
  1. Antigen recognition. A B cell binds an antigen matching its receptor.
  2. Activation with helper T-cell signals. Many protein antigens require cognate help for full activation.
  3. Clonal expansion. Selected B cells proliferate.
  4. Plasma-cell differentiation. Effector cells secrete antibodies.
  5. Memory-cell persistence. Some descendants support faster later responses.

Explain what you observed

Must vaccines contain a live disease-causing organism?

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Your study notes

Take the next step

Connect this activity with your lesson notes and chapter practice.

Read a related learning guide →Practise Immunity →Open the student notes folder ↗

Concepts and sources

Curriculum connections: 12.1. Selected concepts.

Read the supporting source ↗PMDC curriculum ↗

Questions and explanations are original teaching material; these are not official exam questions.

Keep exploring Immunity

Model

First response, lasting memory

Compare primary and secondary responses.

Sort & explain

Match the immune effector

Distinguish neutralisation, cellular killing and memory.